Cov kws tshawb nrhiav Fabkis tau pom txoj hauv kev nce qhov rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov yas: kev hloov kho ntawm cov enzymes tuaj yeem nce tus nqi rov qab ntawm cov hwj yas hauv koj txhais tes los ntawm 3 zaug. Cov kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Xwm nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 8.
Raws li cov khoom siv feem ntau yas thoob hauv lub ntiaj teb, kev tso tawm thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo ntawm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) tuaj yeem ncav cuag 70 lab tons. Txawm hais tias ntau thaj chaw sau cov tsiaj PET ua cov hnab ntim rov qab siv tau, tus nqi rov qab yog tsis txaus siab. Tsuas yog 30% xwb tuaj yeem muab rov ua dua tshiab thiab tsim tau cov yas qes qis.
Muaj lwm qhov teeb meem txaj muag thaum rov qab siv dua: Cov yas yas muaj ntau yam xim. Yog tias nws rov ua dua tshiab yam tsis muaj qhov sib txawv, cov xim dub lossis txho yas yuav tsim tawm tom qab kub kub yaj. Cov khoom lag luam yas ntawm hom no tsis tau txais tos los ntawm kev tsim ntim. Yog li, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab no tau ua rau hauv cov ntaub pua plag lossis lwm cov khoom siv roj hmab yas qis, thiab lub hom phiaj kawg yog tseem muaj av lossis txau.
Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem no, cov neeg tshawb xyuas tau tshawb txog cov enzymes uas tuaj yeem ua kom PET thiab lwm cov khoom yas los ntawm ntau cov kab mob me. Hauv xyoo 2012, cov kws tshawb nrhiav ntawm Osaka University hauv Nyij Pooj pom cov ceg nplooj lwg nplooj lwg cutinase (LLC) hauv nplooj lwg. Qhov enzyme no tuaj yeem cleave PET lwg me me, tab sis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qeeb qeeb thiab ua tsis tau ntev.
Yog li, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Toulouse koom tes nrog Cov Hluav Taws Xob Cov Hluav Taws Xob Ua Ntej kom pib nrog cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm LLC thiab hloov kho nws.
LLC tuaj yeem txo cov leeg vim nws muaj peev xwm sib txuas nrog cov tshuaj sib txuas sib xyaw terephthalate thiab ethylene glycol hauv cov PET molecule thiab tawg nws. Ntawm qhov sib tshuam, cov kws tshawb nrhiav pom ib qho tseem ceeb amino acid, thiab raws li qhov no, pua pua hloov pauv ntawm LLC tau hloov pauv. Txhawm rau ua kom nws ua haujlwm nyob rau qhov kub siab dua, cov kws tshawb nrhiav tseem ntxiv cov enzymes thermostable.
Tom qab tsim tawm, tshuaj ntsuam, thiab sib piv ntau ntau ntawm cov hloov pauv, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav thaum kawg pom qhov kev txhim kho ntawm LLC, uas yog 10,000 lub sij hawm muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev rhuav tshem tshuaj sib txawv dua li cov qauv qub. Ntxiv mus, qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub ntawm tus qauv qub yog 65°C, thiab kho kom zoo ntxiv nce qhov kub no mus rau 72°C.
Hauv cov reactor, qhov ua kom muaj zog enzyme tuaj yeem decompose 200 grams ntawm PET yas tsis pub dhau 10 teev, nrog kev txiav txim siab zoo txog 90%. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau hloov cov PET raw khoom raws li thiab pom tias cov hwj yas ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab yog cov muaj zog zoo li cov uas ua los ntawm cov yas ib txwm muaj.
Cov thev naus laus zis tau nthuav dav nws daim ntawv thov, thiab cov tuam txhab cuam tshuam tsim cov chaw tsim qauv ntoo. Nws kwv yees tias ntau pua tons ntawm PET tuaj yeem rov ua dua nyob rau txhua xyoo, thiab nws npaj yuav ua tiav rau xyoo tom ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, thev naus laus zis tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem paub txog kev rov ua dua lwm yam ntawm cov yas xws li polyethylene thiab polystyrene, thiab nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias cov thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ua tiav kev lag luam zoo li cas. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau hais tias yav tom ntej, cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov tsim khoom lag luam yuav kam them tus nqi me ntsis ntawm cov nqi qub tab sis ntau dua siv dua tshiab rov qab dua tshiab.
